These studies evaluate the potential to of blue light to damage photoreceptor cells and other structures in the retina, which could cause permanent vision loss.
Retina
2019
Mitochondria as Potential Targets and Initiators of the Blue Light Hazard to the Retina.
J.-X. Tao, W.-C. Zhou and X.-G. Zhu, Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2019. 2019: p. 6435364-6435364. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6435364
Daily blue-light exposure shortens lifespan and causes brain neurodegeneration in Drosophila.
T.R. Nash, E.S. Chow, A.D. Law, S.D. Fu, et al., npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease, 2019. 5(1): p. 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-019-0038-6
Blue light exposure in vitro causes toxicity to trigeminal neurons and glia through increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation.
V. Marek, A. Potey, A. Réaux-Le-Goazigo, E. Reboussin, et al., Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2019. 131: p. 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.029
The Protective Effects of Blue Light-Blocking Films With Different Shielding Rates: A Rat Model Study.
X. Liu, Q. Zhou, H. Lin, J. Wu, et al., Trans Vis Sci Tech. , 2019. 8(3): p. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.8.3.19
Effects of the Emitted Light Spectrum of Liquid Crystal Displays on Light-Induced Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Damage.
C.-W. Lin, C.-M. Yang and C.-H. Yang, International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. 20(9): p. 2318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092318
Low-Luminance Blue Light-Enhanced Phototoxicity in A2E-Laden RPE Cell Cultures and Rats.
C.-H. Lin, M.-R. Wu, W.-J. Huang, D.S.-L. Chow, et al., International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. 20(7): p. 1799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071799
Role of Mitochondrial DNA Damage in ROS-Mediated Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).
K. Kaarniranta, E. Pawlowska, J. Szczepanska, A. Jablkowska, et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019. 20(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102374
Retinal Neuron Is More Sensitive to Blue Light-Induced Damage than Glia Cell Due to DNA Double-Strand Breaks.
P. Chen, Z. Lai, Y. Wu, L. Xu, et al., Cells, 2019. 8(2073-4409 (Print)). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8010068
Retinal Neuron Is More Sensitive to Blue Light-Induced Damage than Glia Cell Due to DNA Double-Strand Breaks.
P. Chen, Z. Lai, Y. Wu, L. Xu, et al., Cells, 2019. 8(2073-4409 (Print)). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8010068
Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Promoted by Constant LED Light.
M.M. Benedetto and M.A. Contin, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2019. 13: p. 139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00139
2018
Removal of the blue component of light significantly decreases retinal damage after high intensity exposure.
J. Vicente-Tejedor, M. Marchena, L. Ramírez, D. García-Ayuso, et al., PLOS ONE, 2018. 13(3): p. e0194218. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194218
What We Know About the Epidemiology of Dry Eye Disease in JapanEpidemiology of Dry Eye Disease in Japan.
M. Uchino, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2018. 59(14): p. DES1-DES6. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.17-23491
Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration.
A.L.W. Sheppard, James S., BMJ Open Ophthalmology, 2018. 3(1). http://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000146.abstract
Blue light excited retinal intercepts cellular signaling.
K. Ratnayake, John L.Lakmal, O. HarshanaKarunarathne, Ajith, Scientific Reports, 2018. 8(1): p. 10207. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28254-8
Blue Light Hazard: are exposure limit values protective enough for newborn infants?
S. Point, Radioprotection, 2018. 53(3): p. 219-224. https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2018025
Light action spectrum on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells.
M. Marie, K. Bigot, C. Angebault, C. Barrau, et al., Cell death & disease, 2018. 9(3): p. 287-287. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-0331-5
Blue light phototoxicity toward human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells in basal and hyperosmolar conditions.
V. Marek, S. Mélik-Parsadaniantz, T. Villette, F. Montoya, et al., Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2018. 126: p. 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.012
LED Illumination – A Hazard to the Eye?
M. Hessling, P.S. Koelbl and C. Lingenfelder, Optik & Photonik, 2018. 13(4): p. 40-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/opph.201800029
Warding off the blues.
B. Hefner, Review of Optometry, 2018. 155(6): p. 71-78. https://www.reviewsce.com/ce/warding-off-the-blues
Blue-blocking spectacles lenses for retinal damage protection and circadian rhythm: evaluation parameters.
R. Comparetto and A. Farini, arXiv:1806.04751 [q-bio.OT], 2018. https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.04751
Ocular Tolerance of Contemporary Electronic Display Devices.
A.J.Y. Clark, P.Khaderi, K. R.Moshfeghi, A. A., Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina, 2018. 49(5): p. 346-354. https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20180501-08
2017
Effects of white light-emitting diode (LED) exposure on retinal pigment epithelium in vivo.
I. Jaadane, G.E. Villalpando Rodriguez, P. Boulenguez, S. Chahory, et al., Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2017. 21(12): p. 3453-3466. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.13255
Editor’s Highlight: Periodic Exposure to Smartphone-Mimic Low-Luminance Blue Light Induces Retina Damage Through Bcl-2/BAX-Dependent Apoptosis.
H.-W. Cheng, M.-R. Wu, S.-H. Huang, C.-H. Lin, et al., Toxicological Sciences, 2017. 157(1): p. 196-210. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfx030
2016
How safe is the light during ophthalmic diagnosis and surgery.
M. Wolffe, Eye (London, England), 2016. 30(2): p. 186-188. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2015.247
Light damage to the retina: an historical approach.
D. van Norren and J.J. Vos, Eye (London, England), 2016. 30(2): p. 169-172. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2015.218
Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology.
G. Tosini, I. Ferguson and K. Tsubota, Molecular Vision 2016. 22(2157-2518): p. 61-72. http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v22/61
Retinal Light Damage Through Prolonged Visible Light Exposure.
T. Reiter, EC Ophthalmology, 2016. 4.3: p. 517-521. https://www.ecronicon.com/ecop/pdf/ECOP-04-000091.pdf
Exploring Clinical Evidence and the Benefits of Filtering Out Harmful Light
F. Loperfido and A. Marchese, in Points de Vue – International Review of Ophthalmic Optics. 2016, Essilor International. www.pointsdevue.com
Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Circadian Rhythms, and AMD.
M.L. Fanjul-Moles and G.O. Lopez-Riquelme, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016. 2016: p. 18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7420637
Light pollution: the possible consequences of excessive illumination on retina.
M.A. Contin, M.M. Benedetto, M.L. Quinteros-Quintana and M.E. Guido, Eye (Lond). , 2016. 30(2): p. 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2015.221
2015
Retinal damage induced by commercial light emitting diodes (LEDs).
I. Jaadane, P. Boulenguez, S. Chahory, S. Carré, et al., Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2015. 84: p. 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.034
Blue light-induced retinal lesions, intraretinal vascular leakage and edema formation in the all-cone mouse retina.
P.B. Geiger, M; Grimm, C; Samardzija, M, Cell death & disease, 2015. 6(11): p. e1985. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2015.333
The 11-cis Retinal Origins of Lipofuscin in the Retina.
L. Adler, N.P. Boyer, C. Chen, Z. Ablonczy, et al., Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 2015. 134: p. e1-e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.022
2014
What optometrists need to know about IpRGCs and why.
H. RE., Optom Vis Perf 2014. 2(4): p. 364-374. https://www.niwotvision.com/articles/IpRGC-article.pdf
The effect of visual blue light on mitochondrial function associated with retinal ganglions cells.
N.N. Osborne, C. Nunez-Alvarez and S. Del Olmo-Aguado, Experimental Eye Research, 2014. 128: p. 8-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.012
Hidden Blue Hazard? LED Lighting and Retinal Damage in Rats.
T. Lougheed, Environmental Health Perspectives, 2014. 122(3): p. A81-A81. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.122-A81
Damage of photoreceptor-derived cells in culture induced by light emitting diode-derived blue light.
Y. Kuse, K. Ogawa, K. Tsuruma, M. Shimazawa, et al., Scientific Reports, 2014. 4: p. 5223. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05223
Blue Light and Eye Damage.
G.W. Good. 2014, American optometric Association. https://www.aoa.org/Documents/CRG/Blue%20Light%20and%20Eye%20Damage.pdf
2013
Bad Blue, Good Blue, Eye and Vision
T. Villette, Points de Vue – International Review of Ophthalmic Optics online publication, 2013. 68: p. 7-8. www.pointsdevue.com
Macular pigment and its contribution to vision.
E. Loskutova, J. Nolan, A. Howard and S. Beatty, Nutrients, 2013. 5(6): p. 1962-1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5061962
Photoprotective Effects of Blue Light Absorbing Filter against LED Light Exposure on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro.
E. Chamorro, S. Carralero, C. Bonnin-Arias, M. Pérez-Carrasco, et al., J Carcinog Mutagen, 2013. S6: p. 8. https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-2518.S6-008
Effects of light-emitting diode radiations on human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.
E. Chamorro, C. Bonnin-Arias, M.J. Perez-Carrasco, J. Munoz de Luna, et al., Photochem Photobiol, 2013. 89(2): p. 468-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01237.x
Phototoxic Action Spectrum on a Retinal Pigment Epithelium Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Exposed to Sunlight Normalized Conditions.
E. Arnault, C. Barrau, C. Nanteau, P. Gondouin, et al., PLOS ONE, 2013. 8(8): p. e71398. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071398
2012
The susceptibility of the retina to photochemical damage from visible light.
J.J. Hunter, J.I. Morgan, W.H. Merigan, D.H. Sliney, et al., Prog Retin Eye Res, 2012. 31(1): p. 28-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.11.001
Personal risks posed by LEDs used in everyday devices.
E. Chamorro, C. Bonnin, L.L. Lobato-Rincón, J.J. Navarro-Valls, et al., Seguridad y Medio Ambiente – N128, 2012. 32(N128): p. 1-7. http://www.mapfre.com/fundacion/html/revistas/seguridad/n128/en/article3.html
Lipofuscin and N-Retinylidene-N-Retinylethanolamine (A2E) Accumulate in Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Absence of Light Exposure: their Origin is 11-cis-retinal.
N.P. Boyer, D. Higbee, M.B. Currin, L.R. Blakeley, et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2012. 287(26): p. 22276-22286. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.329235
2011
Light-emitting diodes (LED) for domestic lighting: Any risks for the eye?
F. Behar-Cohen, C. Martinsons, F. Viénot, G. Zissis, et al., Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 2011. 30(4): p. 239-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.04.002
2010
Retinal light toxicity.
P.N. Youssef, N. Sheibani and D.M. Albert, Eye, 2010. 25: p. 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.149
Retinal light damage: Mechanisms and protection.
D.T. Organisciak and D.K. Vaughan, Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 2010. 29(2): p. 113-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.11.004
2009
Light-Induced Damage to the Retina.
M. Rozanowska, B. Rozanowski and M. Boulton. 2009 [cited A ccess 2009; Available from: http://photobiology.info/Rozanowska.html.
The influence of sublethal blue light exposure on human RPE cells.
C. Roehlecke, A. Schaller, L. Knels and R.H.W. Funk, Molecular vision, 2009. 15: p. 1929-1938. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19784391
2008
Macular pigment in the human retina: histological evaluation of localization and distribution.
M. Trieschmann, F.J.G.M. van Kuijk, R. Alexander, P. Hermans, et al., Eye, 2008. 22(1): p. 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702780
2007
Short-Wavelength Light Sensitivity of Circadian, Pupillary, and Visual Awareness in Humans Lacking an Outer Retina.
F.H. Zaidi, J.T. Hull, Stuart N. Peirson, K. Wulff, et al., Current Biology, 2007. 17(24): p. 2122-2128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.034
2006
Photochemical Damage of the Retina.
J. Wu, S. Seregard and P.V. Algvere, Survey of Ophthalmology, 2006. 51(5): p. 461-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.06.009
Blocking the blue.
P. Hawse, The British journal of ophthalmology, 2006. 90(8): p. 939-940. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2006.095653
Age-related maculopathy and the impact of blue light hazard.
P.V. Algvere, J. Marshall and S. Seregard, Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, 2006. 84(1): p. 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00627.x
2005
Molecular mechanisms of light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis and neuroprotection for retinal degeneration.
A. Wenzel, C. Grimm, M. Samardzija and C.E. Remé, Progress in retinal and eye research, 2005. 24(2): p. 275-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.08.002
Blue Light Induces Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Free Radical Production in Epithelial Cells.
B.F. Godley, F.A. Shamsi, F.-Q. Liang, S.G. Jarrett, et al., 2005. 280(22): p. 21061-21066. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M502194200
2004
A model of spectral filtering to reduce photochemical damage in age-related macular degeneration
S.M. Meyers, M.A. Ostrovsky and R.F. Bonner, Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 2004. 102: p. 83-95. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280090/
2000
The Lipofuscin Fluorophore A2E Mediates Blue Light– Induced Damage to Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells.
J.R. Sparrow, K. Nakanishi and C.A. Parish, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. , 2000. 41: p. 1981–1989. https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2123554
1999
Blue light induced apoptosis in rat retina.
J. Wu, S. Seregard, B. Spångberg, M. Oskarsson, et al., Eye, 1999. 13: p. 577. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1999.142
1006
Light damage revisited: converging evidence, diverging views?
C. Remé, J. Reinboth, M. Clausen and F. Hafezi, Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 1996. 234(1): p. 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00186512
1084
Quantifying retinal irradiance levels in light damage experiments.
D.H. Sliney, Current Eye Research, 1984. 3(1): p. 175-179. https://doi.org/10.3109/02713688408997199
1981
Additivity and repair of actinic retinal lesions.
G.A. Griess and M.F. Blankenstein, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 1981. 20(6): p. 803-807. https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2176197
1980
The nature of retinal radiation damage: Dependence on wavelength, power level and exposure time.
W.T. Ham, J.J. Ruffolo, H.A. Mueller and D. Guerry, Vision Research, 1980. 20(12): p. 1105-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(80)90047-4
Retinal light exposure from ophthalmoscopes, slit lamps, and overhead surgical lamps. An analysis of potential hazards.
J.L. Calkins and B.F. Hochheimer, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 1980. 19(9): p. 1009-1015. https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2159022
1979
Sensitivity of the retina to radiation damage as a function of wavelength.
W.T. Ham, H.A. Mueller, J.J. Ruffolo and A.M. Clarke, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 1979. 29: p. 735-743. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07759.x